Pairwise AFLP distances that distinguish known clones from nonclones have been used to identify a threshold genetic dissimilarity distance below which samples are considered to represent a single clone. We hypothesize that maintenance of genetic diversity and superior colonizing abilities of apomicts in temporally and spatially heterogeneous environments are important for their distributional success.Īmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been widely used for clone identification, but numerous studies have shown that clonemates do not always present identical AFLP fingerprints. Habitat differentiation and a tendency to inhabit artificial meadows is more pronounced in apomictic than in sexual populations. ![]() Genetic diversity is partitioned mainly among apomictic populations and is not geographically structured, which may be due to facultative sexuality and/or multiple colonizations of sites by different clones. Two microsatellite loci discriminated genotypes separated by the accumulation of few mutations (‘clone mates’) within each AFLP clone. This local facultative sexuality may have a great impact on regional genotypic diversity. genotype/genodive and character incompatibility analyses suggest that genotypic variation within apomictic populations is caused by mutations, but in one population probably also by recombination. Polyploid populations consist either of a single AFLP genotype or of one dominant and a few deviating genotypes. Whereas two diploid populations showed high levels of genetic diversity, as expected for sexual reproduction, eight populations are hexaploid and harbour lower degrees of genotypic variation, but maintain high levels of heterozygosity at many loci, as is typical for apomicts. Population studies (amplified fragment length polymorphisms, microsatellites) and karyological methods (Feulgen DNA image densitometry and flow cytometry) were employed for characterization of genetic diversity and ploidy levels of 10 populations of Ranunculus carpaticola in central Slovakia. Sources and implications of genetic diversity in agamic complexes are still under debate.
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